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At its upper end it receives the Colorado River, and from the east it receives several streams, chief of which are the Sonora, Yaqui, and Fuerte. Its shores are bordered by highlands, broken by the river valleys on the east but presenting an almost unbroken mountain wall on the west.
The coastline is irregular and forms numerous small bays. The gulf contains many islands, particularly in the upper part, the largest of which are Ángel de la Guarda and Tiburón. On its western shore are the ports of San Felipe, San José del Cabo, and La Paz; on its eastern shore, the ports of Mazatlán and Guaymas. The gulf is also a winter breeding area for the Pacific gray whale.
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